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Angina, a symptom of an underlying heart condition, primarily manifests as chest pain or discomfort resulting from reduced blood flow to heart muscle. About 9.8 million Americans experience angina each year, with around 500,000 new cases diagnosed annually. It signifies coronary artery disease, where arteries leading to the heart narrow, hindering sufficient blood supply. Recognizing angina is vital for timely intervention, as it can be a precursor to a heart attack.
Angina is directly related to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often caused by coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD arises due to the accumulation of plaque on the inner walls of arteries, leading to their narrowing. Other factors contributing to angina include blood clots, artery spasm, or conditions like anemia which lower oxygen supply to the heart. Lifestyle factors, such as an unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and stress, can exacerbate the risk.
- Chest pain or discomfort, often described as squeezing, pressure, heaviness, or tightness - Pain radiating to the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back - Nausea - Shortness of breath - Fatigue - Dizziness - Sweating Notably, symptoms might vary between individuals, with some experiencing mild discomfort and others facing severe pain.
Diagnosis begins with a detailed medical history, physical examination, and tests like an electrocardiogram (ECG) to measure the heart’s electrical activity. Further, stress tests, echocardiography, or coronary angiography may be prescribed to assess the extent of artery blockage and heart muscle function. It’s crucial for individuals experiencing symptoms to seek immediate medical evaluation to prevent potential progression to a heart attack.
Preventing angina involves adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle. This includes consuming a balanced diet rich in whole foods, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, getting regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing stress effectively. These lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of developing angina by improving heart health and reducing artery-narrowing plaque. Treatment through functional medicine looks beyond symptoms to address underlying causes, like inflammation and oxidative stress, contributing to plaque buildup and reduced heart function. Natural treatments may consist of dietary changes to reduce inflammation, supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants like Coenzyme Q10, magnesium, and L-arginine to improve heart health, and herbal remedies to enhance blood flow. Stress management techniques, including mindfulness, yoga, and deep breathing, can also play a crucial role in reducing the frequency and severity of angina episodes. Using functional medicine principles, the goal is to optimize the body’s natural healing processes, supporting heart health, and preventing angina progression. Nonetheless, it's imperative for individuals with angina to consult healthcare professionals before adopting any new treatments, especially if already under medical care for heart conditions.