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Angioedema is a condition where the deeper layers of the skin, especially around the eyes and lips, and occasionally the genitals, hands, and feet, swell abruptly. It's closely related to hives but angioedema affects the deeper tissues. While not always severe, some forms of angioedema can be life-threatening, especially when the swelling occurs in the throat, affecting breathing. This condition is fairly common, affecting a significant portion of the population at some point in their lives.
Angioedema can be triggered by an allergic reaction, where the body reacts to a foreign substance, such as food, medication, or insect stings. However, it can also be hereditary, stemming from a genetic abnormality. Other causes include certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors used to treat high blood pressure, or an underlying health issue, such as a weakened immune system or an illness like lymphoma. Sometimes, the cause remains unknown, termed idiopathic angioedema.
- Sudden, severe swelling of the face, lips, eyes, hands, feet, genitalia, or throat - Pain or a tingling sensation in the affected area - Difficulty breathing or swallowing (in severe cases) - Abdominal cramping or pain (when the swelling is internal) - Redness or warmth in the affected areas
Diagnosing angioedema primarily involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Your healthcare provider may conduct allergy tests or blood tests to identify possible triggers or underlying conditions. In cases where hereditary angioedema is suspected, genetic testing can be pivotal. Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or a CT scan, might be used to examine swellings in the abdomen or throat.
Preventing angioedema involves identifying and avoiding potential triggers, such as specific foods, medications, or environmental factors. For individuals with hereditary angioedema, preventive medications might be necessary. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing future episodes. For mild cases, antihistamines or oral corticosteroids may reduce swelling and discomfort. In more severe instances, especially with hereditary angioedema, drugs that regulate the immune system's response, or fresh frozen plasma to replace missing proteins, may be prescribed. Adopting a functional medicine approach to angioedema includes an emphasis on dietary adjustments, stress management, and supplementation. A diet that reduces inflammation, void of common allergens, can be beneficial. Supplements, such as Vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and quercetin, have been shown to support the immune system and potentially reduce the frequency and severity of angioedema attacks. Stress reduction techniques, including yoga, meditation, and breathing exercises, might also play a role in managing angioedema by mitigating one of its common triggers: stress. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment or supplement, particularly when dealing with a condition as potentially serious as angioedema.