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Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener's Granulomatosis, is a rare disorder marked by inflammation of the blood vessels, which restricts blood flow to various organs. It primarily affects the nose, sinuses, throat, lungs, and kidneys, though it can affect other organs as well. The prevalence of GPA is relatively low, affecting about 3 out of every 100,000 people annually. Despite its rarity, understanding and managing this condition is crucial for those affected and their loved ones.
The exact cause of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis is not clearly understood, but it is known to be an autoimmune disorder. This means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its tissues. Factors that might trigger this autoimmune response include infections, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors, but none has been definitively proven to cause GPA.
The symptoms of GPA vary greatly among individuals and depend on which organs are affected. However, some common signs and symptoms include: - Persistent runny or stuffy nose, often with bleeding or pus-filled discharge - Sinus pain and inflammation - Cough, sometimes with bloody phlegm - Shortness of breath or wheezing - Fever and general malaise - Numbness in limbs, loss of muscle function - Skin lesions or rashes - Joint pain - Eye redness, burning, or vision loss
Diagnosis of GPA involves a combination of clinical evaluation, blood tests (such as ANCA blood test), imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans of the chest, and occasionally biopsy of affected tissues. Given the variety of symptoms and the rareness of the condition, arriving at a diagnosis can be complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach.
There is no known way to prevent GPA since the exact cause of the disease remains unclear. However, treatment focuses on controlling the inflammation and managing symptoms, typically through conventional medicine. This includes corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and drugs that suppress the immune system, like cyclophosphamide or rituximab, to prevent relapses. In the realm of functional medicine and natural treatments, approaches are aimed at supporting the body's capacity to heal and reduce inflammation, potentially in conjunction with conventional treatments. These may include: - Dietary changes to avoid inflammatory foods and support immune function, focusing on a nutrient-rich, whole-food diet. - Supplementing with fish oil, curcumin, and vitamin D to support immune modulation and reduce inflammation. - Stress management techniques including meditation and yoga, which can have positive effects on overall immune function. - Herbal remedies like green tea and gingko may also support immune health, though it's essential to consult with a physician before starting any new treatment regimen. Given the complexity and seriousness of GPA, any natural treatment approach should be discussed with and monitored by healthcare professionals experienced in managing the condition. While natural treatments can complement traditional treatments, they should not replace them. Collaboration between patient, rheumatologist, and other healthcare providers is key to developing a comprehensive, effective treatment plan for Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.