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Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. In philadelphia, as elsewhere, diabetes encompasses primarily two forms: type 1, where the body fails to produce sufficient insulin, and type 2, which occurs when the body cannot use insulin effectively. Insulin is a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy. Without proper management, diabetes can lead to a buildup of sugars in the blood, which can increase the risk of serious complications, including heart disease, kidney failure, and vision loss.
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown but is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors that trigger an autoimmune reaction. Type 2 diabetes is more common and is primarily caused by lifestyle factors and genetics. Overweight, obesity, lack of physical activity, poor diet, and a family history of diabetes increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Additionally, other factors such as age, high blood pressure, and abnormal cholesterol levels also play a role.
Diabetes symptoms might vary depending on the blood sugar level. Common signs include increased thirst and urination, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger, presence of ketones in urine (especially in type 1 diabetes), fatigue, irritability, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores. High blood sugar levels over time can lead to serious complications such as nerve damage, kidney damage, eye problems, cardiovascular disease, and foot damage that may lead to amputations. Early diagnosis and treatment can help control diabetes symptoms and decrease the risk of complications, making awareness of these symptoms critical.
Diagnosing diabetes involves evaluating symptoms and conducting blood tests. Key tests include the glycated hemoglobin (a1c) test, which indicates average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. If the a1c level is 6.5% or higher on two separate tests, diabetes is diagnosed. Other tests may include fasting blood sugar tests, random blood sugar tests, and oral glucose tolerance tests. Early diagnosis is essential for managing diabetes effectively. Diabetes doctors in philadelphia are equipped with the expertise and tools necessary for diagnosing diabetes, allowing for timely intervention and management plans tailored to individual patient needs.
Preventing diabetes, particularly type 2, involves making a series of lifestyle changes, including maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and limiting sugar intake. For those already diagnosed with diabetes, philadelphia healthcare professionals provide comprehensive treatment plans that may include medication to lower blood sugar levels, insulin therapy, and lifestyle management. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, along with education about the condition, are critical components of effective diabetes management.