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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks—sudden episodes of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes. People with panic disorder often live in fear of when the next attack will happen, which can significantly impact their quality of life. Panic disorder affects approximately 2-3% of adults in the United States each year, and its prevalence is about twice as high in women compared to men.
The exact cause of panic disorder is not well understood but is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors. Stressful life events, family history of anxiety disorders, significant life transitions, and sensitivity to stress or prone to negative emotions can increase the risk. Furthermore, abnormalities in the brain and imbalances in neurotransmitters are also believed to play a role.
- Sudden and repeated panic attacks of overwhelming anxiety and fear - A feeling of being out of control, with a fear of disaster or death - Intense physical symptoms during an attack, such as heart palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, trembling or shaking - Avoidance of places or situations to prevent panic attacks - Persistent concern over future attacks or their consequences (e.g., losing control, having a heart attack, "going crazy")
Diagnosis of panic disorder typically involves a detailed medical history and a physical examination to rule out other possible conditions. Mental health professionals may use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria to diagnose panic disorder. The process may include discussing your symptoms, how often and under what circumstances they occur. Specialized tools like questionnaires or psychological surveys can also help in the assessment.
Prevention of panic disorder can be complex due to its multifactorial nature. However, managing stress, practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques, and maintaining a supportive social network can help reduce the risk. Early intervention following the first signs of panic disorder can also be beneficial. For treatment, functional medicine offers a holistic approach focusing on identifying and addressing the root cause of symptoms. This includes nutritional support advocating for a balanced diet rich in magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, and B vitamins, which have been shown to reduce anxiety. Herbal supplements such as valerian root, lavender, and ashwagandha can also be beneficial in managing symptoms but should be taken under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Lifestyle modifications play a critical role; regular physical activity and techniques like yoga, deep breathing, and meditation can reduce stress and anxiety levels. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is highly effective in treating panic disorder by changing the thought patterns that contribute to the individual's fear and anxiety. In summary, a multifaceted approach blending functional medicine practices with conventional treatments can be effective in managing and treating panic disorder, aiming not just to alleviate symptoms but also to restore overall well-being and prevent recurrence.