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Depression is a common and serious medical condition that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think, and how you act. Lucky for many, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person’s ability to function at work and at home. According to the World Health Organization, depression affects an estimated 264 million people worldwide, making it one of the most prevalent diseases globally.
The causes of depression are many and varied, often involving a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Depression can occur at any age, but often begins in adulthood. Depression is now recognized as occurring in children and adolescents, although it sometimes presents with somewhat different symptoms. In many cases, it is triggered by a life crisis, a physical illness, or something similar, but can also occur spontaneously without any known cause.
- Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood - Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism - Irritability - Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness - Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities - Decreased energy or fatigue - Moving or talking more slowly - Difficulty sleeping, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping - Appetite and/or weight changes - Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts - Aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems without a clear physical cause and that do not ease even with treatment
Diagnosis of depression starts with a consultation from a health professional such as a general practitioner or a psychiatrist. The diagnostic process often involves an interview and sometimes a physical examination. Medical tests may be conducted to rule out other problems that might be causing the symptoms and to check for any related complications. This may include, but not limited to, blood tests to check thyroid function, electrolytes, and possibly the presence of drugs.
Preventing depression involves strategies that can be implemented before the onset of symptoms. This can include strategies to increase resilience, decrease risk factors, and build social support. Regular physical activity, maintaining strong social connections, and practices aimed at increasing self-esteem and resilience are all positive prevention strategies. Treatment for depression often involves a combination of self-help, talking therapies, and medicines, depending on its severity. Natural treatments for depression are also gaining popularity, including lifestyle changes like improving sleep habits, diet, and physical activity. Psychological treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), are also effective. Moreover, integrative approaches like acupuncture and meditation, along with certain supplements such as Omega-3 fatty acids, can make a significant difference. As always, it is essential to consult health professionals before starting any kind of treatment, whether it involves prescription medication or natural supplements.